Gradle Generate Native Executable For Mac

Posted : admin | On 21-04-2021

Gradle Generate Native Executable For Machine Learning
Install Gradle On Mac
Gradle Generate Native Executable For Mac Download

Gradle has the ability to generate Visual Studio project and solution files for the native components defined in your build. This ability is added by the visual-studio plugin. For a multi-project build, all projects with native components (and the root project) should have this plugin applied.
Launch4j wraps jars in Windows native executables and allows to run them like a regular Windows program. It's possible to wrap applications on Windows, Linux and Mac OS X! Also creates launchers for jars and class files without wrapping. Supports executable jars and dynamic classpath resolution using environment variables and wildcards.

Prerequisites for Oracle GraalVM CE/EE
Testing the native executable
Creating a container

Compiling the application to a native executable
Packaging the native executable in a container
Debugging native executable

Jun 12, 2019 GraalVM is pretty awesome for a lot of reasons.But the one that has me most hyped is the ability to create native executables from Java bytecode. This isn't like ExcelsiorJET (R.I.P.), which makes you include a large runtime, nor is it like Launch4J and Oracle's javapackager tool, both of which create a dummy executables that points to your.jar and a packaged JRE. On Windows the native-image tool only works when it is executed from the x64 Native Tools Command Prompt. Build a Native Image # A native image can be built as a standalone executable, which is the default, or as a shared library (see Build a Shared Library). For an image to be useful, it needs to have at least one entry point method. Edit Page Kotlin/Native Gradle plugin. Since 1.3.40, a separate Gradle plugin for Kotlin/Native is deprecated in favor of the kotlin-multiplatform plugin. This plugin provides an IDE support along with support of the new multiplatform project model introduced in Kotlin 1.3.0.

This guide takes as input the application developed in the Getting Started Guide.

GraalVM

Building a native executable requires using a distribution of GraalVM.There are three distributions:Oracle GraalVM Community Edition (CE), Oracle GraalVM Enterprise Edition (EE) and Mandrel.The differences between the Oracle and Mandrel distributions are as follows:

Mandrel is a downstream distribution of the Oracle GraalVM CE.Mandrel’s main goal is to provide a way to build native executables specifically designed to support Quarkus.
Mandrel releases are built from a code base derived from the upstream Oracle GraalVM CE code base,with only minor changes but some significant exclusions that are not necessary for Quarkus native apps.They support the same capabilities to build native executables as Oracle GraalVM CE,with no significant changes to functionality.Notably, they do not include support for polyglot programming.The reason for these exclusions is to provide a better level of support for the majority of Quarkus users.These exclusions also mean Mandrel offers a considerable reduction in its distribution sizewhen compared with Oracle GraalVM CE/EE.
Mandrel is built slightly differently to Oracle GraalVM CE, using the standard OpenJDK project.This means that it does not profit from a few small enhancements that Oracle have added to the version of OpenJDK used to build their own GraalVM downloads.This enhancements are omitted because upstream OpenJDK does not manage them, and cannot vouch for.This is particularly important when it comes to conformance and security.
Mandrel is currently only recommended for building native executables that target Linux containerized environments.This means that Mandrel users should use containers to build their native executables.If you are building native executables for macOS or Windows target platforms,you should consider using Oracle GraalVM instead,because Mandrel does not currently target these platforms.Building native executables directly on bare metal Linux is possible,with details available in the Mandrel READMEand Mandrel releases.

The prerequisites vary slightly depending on whether you are using Oracle GraalVM CE/EE or Mandrel.

While Oracle GraalVM is available for both Java 8 and Java 11 (Mandrel only supports Java 11), Quarkus only works with the Java 11 version.If you use the Oracle distribution, make sure to install the Java 11 version.

Prerequisites for Mandrel

Gradle Generate Native Executable For Machine Learning

less than 15 minutes
an IDE
JDK 11 installed with JAVA_HOME configured appropriately
A working container runtime (Docker, podman)
The code of the application developed in the Getting Started Guide.

Skip to this section to continue with the guide for Mandrel,and follow the Mandrel-specific instructions in that section.

Prerequisites for Oracle GraalVM CE/EE

less than 15 minutes
an IDE
JDK 11 installed with JAVA_HOME configured appropriately
A working C development environment
GraalVM version 20.3.1 (be sure to install the Java 11 support) installed and configured appropriately
A working container runtime (Docker, podman)
The code of the application developed in the Getting Started Guide.

What does having a working C developer environment mean?

On Linux, you will need GCC, and the glibc and zlib headers. Examples for common distributions:
XCode provides the required dependencies on macOS:
On Windows, you will need to install the Visual Studio 2017 Visual C++ Build Tools

Configuring GraalVM

If you cannot install GraalVM, you can use a multi-stage Docker build to run Maven inside a Docker container that embeds GraalVM. There is an explanation of how to do this at the end of this guide.

Version 20.3.1 is required. Using the community edition is enough.

Install GraalVM (pick the java 11 version) if you haven’t already. You have a few options for this:
- Use platform-specific install tools like homebrew, sdkman, or scoop.
- Download the appropriate Community Edition archive from https://github.com/graalvm/graalvm-ce-builds/releases, and unpack it like you would any other JDK.Make sure to download and install at Java 11 version.
Configure the runtime environment. Set GRAALVM_HOME environment variable to the GraalVM installation directory, for example:
On macOS, point the variable to the Home sub-directory:
On Windows, you will have to go through the Control Panel to set your environment variables.
Install the native-image tool using gu install:
Some previous releases of GraalVM included the native-image tool by default. This is no longer the case; it must be installed as a second step after GraalVM itself is installed. Note: there is an outstanding issue using GraalVM with macOS Catalina.
(Optional) Set the JAVA_HOME environment variable to the GraalVM installation directory.
(Optional) Add the GraalVM bin directory to the path

GraalVM binaries are not (yet) notarized for macOS Catalina as reported in this GraalVM issue. This means that you may see the following error when using gu:

Use the following command to recursively delete the com.apple.quarantine extended attribute on the GraalVM install directory as a workaround:

Solution

We recommend that you follow the instructions in the next sections and package the application step by step. However, you can go right to the completed example.

Clone the Git repository: git clone https://github.com/quarkusio/quarkus-quickstarts.git, or download an archive.

The solution is located in the getting-started directory.

Producing a native executable

The native executable for our application will contain the application code, required libraries, Java APIs, and a reduced version of a VM. The smaller VM base improves the startup time of the application and produces a minimal disk footprint.

If you have generated the application from the previous tutorial, you can find in the pom.xml the following profile:

You can provide custom options for the native-image command using the <quarkus.native.additional-build-args> property.Multiple options may be separated by a comma.

Another possibility is to include the quarkus.native.additional-build-args configuration property in your application.properties.

You can find more information about how to configure the native image building process in the Configuring the Native Executable section below.

We use a profile because, you will see very soon, packaging the native executable takes a few minutes. You couldjust pass -Dquarkus.package.type=native as a property on the command line, however it is better to use a profile asthis allows native image tests to also be run.

Create a native executable using: ./mvnw package -Pnative.

The Microsoft Native Tools for Visual Studio must first be initialized before packaging. You can do this by startingthe x64 Native Tools Command Prompt that was installed with the Visual Studio Build Tools. Atx64 Native Tools Command Prompt you can navigate to your project folder and run mvnw package -Pnative.

Another solution is to write a script to do this for you:

In addition to the regular files, the build also produces target/getting-started-1.0-SNAPSHOT-runner.You can run it using: ./target/getting-started-1.0-SNAPSHOT-runner.

Testing the native executable

Producing a native executable can lead to a few issues, and so it’s also a good idea to run some tests against the application running in the native file.

This instructs the failsafe-maven-plugin to run integration-test and indicates the location of the produced native executable.

Then, open the src/test/java/org/acme/quickstart/NativeGreetingResourceIT.java. It contains:

1	Use another test runner that starts the application from the native file before the tests.The executable is retrieved using the `native.image.path` system property configured in the Failsafe Maven Plugin.
2	We extend our previous tests, but you can also implement your tests

To see the NativeGreetingResourceIT run against the native executable, use ./mvnw verify -Pnative:

By default, Quarkus waits for 60 seconds for the native image to start before automatically failing the native tests. Thisduration can be changed using the quarkus.test.native-image-wait-time system property. For example, to increase the durationto 300 seconds, use: ./mvnw verify -Pnative -Dquarkus.test.native-image-wait-time=300.

By default, native tests runs using the prod profile.This can be overridden using the quarkus.test.native-image-profile property.For example, in your application.properties file, add: quarkus.test.native-image-profile=test.Alternatively, you can run your tests with: ./mvnw verify -Pnative -Dquarkus.test.native-image-profile=test.However, don’t forget that when the native executable is built the prod profile is enabled.So, the profile you enable this way must be compatible with the produced executable.

Excluding tests when running as a native executable

When running tests this way, the only things that actually run natively are you application endpoints, whichyou can only test via HTTP calls. Your test code does not actually run natively, so if you are testing codethat does not call your HTTP endpoints, it’s probably not a good idea to run them as part of native tests.

If you share your test class between JVM and native executions like we advise above, you can mark certain testswith the @DisabledOnNativeImage annotation in order to only run them on the JVM.

Testing an existing native executable

It is also possible to re-run the tests against a native executable that has already been built. To do this run./mvnw test-compile failsafe:integration-test. This will discover the existing native image and run the tests against it usingfailsafe.

If the process cannot find the native image for some reason, or you want to test a native image that is no longer in thetarget directory you can specify the executable with the -Dnative.image.path= system property.

Creating a Linux executable without GraalVM installed

Before going further, be sure to have a working container runtime (Docker, podman) environment. If you use Dockeron Windows you should share your project’s drive at Docker Desktop file share settings and restart Docker Desktop.

Quite often one only needs to create a native Linux executable for their Quarkus application (for example in order to run in a containerized environment) and would like to avoidthe trouble of installing the proper GraalVM version in order to accomplish this task (for example, in CI environments it’s common practiceto install as little software as possible).

To this end, Quarkus provides a very convenient way of creating a native Linux executable by leveraging a container runtime such as Docker or podman.The easiest way of accomplishing this task is to execute:

By default Quarkus automatically detects the container runtime.If you want to explicitely select the container runtime, you can do it with:

These are normal Quarkus config properties, so if you always want to build in a containerit is recommended you add these to your application.properties in order to avoid specifying them every time.

Building with Mandrel requires a custom builder image parameter to be passed additionally:

Please note that the above command points to a floating tag.It is highly recommended to use the floating tag,so that your builder image remains up-to-date and secure.If you absolutely must, you may hard-code to a specific tag(see here for available tags),but be aware that you won’t get security updates that way and it’s unsupported.

Creating a container

Using the container-image extensions

By far the easiest way to create a container-image from your Quarkus application is to leverage one of the container-image extensions.

If one of those extensions is present, then creating a container image for the native executable is essentially a matter of executing a single command:

quarkus.native.container-build=true allows for creating a Linux executable without GraalVM being installed (and is only necessary if you don’t have GraalVM installed locally or your local operating system is not Linux)
quarkus.container-image.build=true instructs Quarkus to create a container-image using the final application artifact (which is the native executable in this case)

Manually

You can run the application in a container using the JAR produced by the Quarkus Maven Plugin.However, in this section we focus on creating a container image using the produced native executable.

When using a local GraalVM installation, the native executable targets your local operating system (Linux, macOS, Windows etc).However, as a container may not use the same executable format as the one produced by your operating system,we will instruct the Maven build to produce an executable by leveraging a container runtime (as described in this section):

The produced executable will be a 64 bit Linux executable, so depending on your operating system it may no longer be runnable.However, it’s not an issue as we are going to copy it to a container.The project generation has provided a Dockerfile.native in the src/main/docker directory with the following content:

The provided Dockerfiles use UBI (Universal Base Image) as parent image.This base image has been tailored to work perfectly in containers.The Dockerfiles use the minimal version of the base image to reduce the size of the produced image.

Then, if you didn’t delete the generated native executable, you can build the docker image with:

And finally, run it with:

If you are interested in tiny Docker images, check the distroless version.

Using a multi-stage Docker build

The previous section showed you how to build a native executable using Maven, but implicitly required that the proper GraalVM version be installed on the building machine (be it your local machine or your CI/CD infrastructure).

In cases where the GraalVM requirement cannot be met, you can use Docker to perform the Maven or Gradle build by using a multi-stage Docker build. A multi-stage Docker build is like two Dockerfile files combined in one, the first is used to build the artifact used by the second.

In this guide we will use the first stage to generate the native executable and the second stage to create our runtime image.

Save this file in src/main/docker/Dockerfile.multistage as it is not included in the getting started quickstart.

If you are using Gradle in your project, you can use this sample Dockerfile. Save it in src/main/docker/Dockerfile.multistage.

Before launching our Docker build, we need to update the default .dockerignore file as it filters everything except the target directory and as we plan to build inside a container we need to be able to copy the src directory. So edit your .dockerignore and remove or comment its content.

And finally, run it with:

If you need SSL support in your native executable, you can easily include the necessary libraries in your Docker image.

Please see our Using SSL With Native Executables guide for more information.

Debugging native executable

Starting with Oracle GraalVM 20.2 or Mandrel 20.1,debug symbols for native executables can be generated for Linux environments(Windows support is still under development).These symbols can be used to debug native executables with tools such as gdb.

To generate debug symbols,add -Dquarkus.native.debug.enabled=true flag when generating the native executable.You will find the debug symbols for the native executable in a .debug file next to the native executable.

The generation of the .debug file depends on objcopy.On common Linux distributions and macOS you will need to install the binutils package:

When objcopy is not available debug symbols are embedded in the executable.

Aside from debug symbols,setting -Dquarkus.native.debug.enabled=true flag generates a cache of source filesfor any JDK runtime classes, GraalVM classes and application classes resolved during native executable generation.This source cache is useful for native debugging tools,to establish the link between the symbols and matching source code.It provides a convenient way of making just the necessary sources available to the debugger/IDE when debugging a native executable.

Sources for third party jar dependencies, including Quarkus source code,are not added to the source cache by default.To include those, make sure you invoke mvn dependency:sources first.This step is required in order to pull the sources for these dependencies,and get them included in the source cache.

The source cache is located in the target/sources folder.

If running gdb from a different directory than target, then the sources can be loaded by running:

in the gdb prompt.

e.g.,

Configuring the Native Executable

There are a lot of different configuration options that can affect how the native executable is generated.These are provided in application.properties the same as any other config property.

Configuration property fixed at build time - All other configuration properties are overridable at runtime

Type	Default
list of string
If the HTTP url handler should be enabled, allowing you to do URL.openConnection() for HTTP URLs	boolean	`true`
If the HTTPS url handler should be enabled, allowing you to do URL.openConnection() for HTTPS URLs	boolean	`false`
If all security services should be added to the native image	boolean	`false`
If all character sets should be added to the native image. This increases image size	boolean	`false`
string	`${GRAALVM_HOME:}`
`${java.home}`
The maximum Java heap to be used during the native image generation	string
If the native image build should wait for a debugger to be attached before running. This is an advanced option and is generally only intended for those familiar with GraalVM internals	boolean	`false`
If the debug port should be published when building with docker and debug-build-process is true	boolean	`true`
boolean	`false`
boolean	`true`
If a JVM based 'fallback image' should be created if native image fails. This is not recommended, as this is functionally the same as just running the application in a JVM	boolean	`false`
If the native image server should be used. This can speed up compilation but can result in changes not always being picked up due to cache invalidation not working 100%	boolean	`false`
If all META-INF/services entries should be automatically registered	boolean	`false`
If the bytecode of all proxies should be dumped for inspection	boolean	`false`
If this build should be done using a container runtime. If this is set docker will be used by default, unless container-runtime is also set.	boolean	`false`
string	`${platform.quarkus.native.builder-image}`
The container runtime (e.g. docker) that is used to do an image based build. If this is set then a container build is always done.	`docker`, `podman`
list of string
If the resulting image should allow VM introspection	boolean	`false`
If full stack traces are enabled in the resulting image	boolean	`true`
If the reports on call paths and included packages/classes/methods should be generated	boolean	`false`
If exceptions should be reported with a full stack trace	boolean	`true`
If errors should be reported at runtime. This is a more relaxed setting, however it is not recommended as it means your application may fail at runtime if an unsupported feature is used by accident.	boolean	`false`
A comma separated list of globs to match resource paths that should be added to the native image. Use slash (`/`) as a path separator on all platforms. Globs must not start with slash. By default, no resources are included. Example: Given that you have `src/main/resources/ignored.png` and `src/main/resources/foo/selected.png` in your source tree and one of your dependency JARs contains `bar/some.txt` file, with the following configuration quarkus.native.resources.includes = foo/,bar//.txt the files `src/main/resources/foo/selected.png` and `bar/some.txt` will be included in the native image, while `src/main/resources/ignored.png` will not be included. Supported glob features Feature Description `` Matches a (possibly empty) sequence of characters that does not contain slash (`/`) `**` Matches a (possibly empty) sequence of characters that may contain slash (`/`) `?` Matches one character, but not slash `[abc]` Matches one character given in the bracket, but not slash `[a-z]` Matches one character from the range given in the bracket, but not slash `[!abc]` Matches one character not named in the bracket; does not match slash `[a-z]` Matches one character outside the range given in the bracket; does not match slash `{one,two,three}` Matches any of the alternating tokens separated by comma; the tokens may contain wildcards, nested alternations and ranges The escape character Note that there are three levels of escaping when passing this option via `application.properties`: . `application.properties` parser - MicroProfile Config list converter that splits the comma separated list - Glob parser All three levels use backslash () as the escaping character. So you need to use an appropriate number of backslashes depending on which level you want to escape. Note that Quarkus extensions typically include the resources they require by themselves. This option is useful in situations when the built-in functionality is not sufficient.	list of string
A comma separated list of globs to match resource paths that should not be added to the native image. Use slash (`/`) as a path separator on all platforms. Globs must not start with slash. Please refer to `includes` for details about the glob syntax. By default, no resources are excluded. Example: Given that you have `src/main/resources/red.png` and `src/main/resources/foo/green.png` in your source tree and one of your dependency JARs contains `bar/blue.png` file, with the following configuration quarkus.native.resources.includes = */.png quarkus.native.resources.excludes = foo/,/green.png the resource `red.png` will be available in the native image while the resources `foo/green.png` and `bar/blue.png` will not be available in the native image.	list of string
If debug is enabled and debug symbols are generated. The symbols will be generated in a separate .debug file.	boolean	`false`

What’s next?

Install Gradle On Mac

This guide covered the creation of a native (binary) executable for your application.It provides an application exhibiting a swift startup time and consuming less memory.However, there is much more.

Gradle Generate Native Executable For Mac Download

We recommend continuing the journey with the deployment to Kubernetes and OpenShift.